Attributable fraction and related measures: Conceptual relations in the counterfactual framework

Abstract The attributable fraction (population) has attracted much attention from a theoretical perspective and been used extensively to assess the impact of potential health interventions. However, despite its extensive use, there is confusion about concept calculation methods. In this article, we discuss concepts methods for related measures in counterfactual framework, both with without stratification by covariates. Generally, useful when exposure interest causal effect on outcome. it important understand that statement applies exposed group. Although target population total population, should be present not but As measures, preventable prevented fraction, which are generally preventive outcome, further propose new measure called attributed fraction. We also excess fractions, provide notes vaccine efficacy. Finally, relations between aforementioned six possible patterns using conceptual schema.